48 pages • 1 hour read
Joseph ConradA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Leaving his office, the Assistant Commissioner goes directly to his superior, Sir Ethelred. Sir Ethelred is the Home Secretary of Great Britain; he is unconcerned by the finer details, but he wants to know whether “this is the beginning of another dynamite campaign” (100). The Assistant Commissioner delivers his report about the bombing and criticizes “the existence of secret agents” (102), which he believes should not be tolerated. The Assistant Commissioner also voices concerns about Chief Inspector Heat, noting Heat’s affinity for developing close connections with untrustworthy people such as Mr. Verloc. Such people, he believes, could potentially cause more harm than good. However, he outlines his plan to speak directly to Verloc about the bombing. In exchange for information about the “true objective” (104), the shadowy figure who recruited Verloc, he will offer Verloc immunity from prosecution. Sir Ethelred approves the plan and tells the Assistant Commissioner to keep him updated.
Leaving Sir Ethelred’s office, the Assistant Commissioner talks to Sir Ethelred’s young secretary, Toodles, about Sir Ethelred’s plans to nationalize the fishing industry in Britain, then returns to his department. Afterward, he dines at an Italian restaurant, viewing the other diners as people who are “as denationalized as the dishes set before them” (109). Then, the Assistant Commissioner heads to Mr. Verloc’s store.
Before the bombing in Greenwich Park, Winnie’s mother decides to move out of Verloc’s house and into a charity house for “destitute widows” of the innkeeping trade (112). She has come to the decision to lessen the financial burden of her care on her daughter and son-in-law. She views this as an “act of devotion” (119). As she travels with Stevie and Winnie in a cab to the charity house, Stevie becomes increasingly agitated by the harsh way in which the driver whips the horse. He asks the driver not to be so violent, but the driver insists that this is how he makes money to feed his family. Winnie struggles to understand her brother’s reaction and her mother’s decision. She feels a “special sense of sisterly devotion” toward her brother (125), who was abused by their late father. She appreciates the way in which Stevie looks up to Verloc rather than his actual father. However, she is resolute in her belief that “things do not stand much looking into” (130). After dropping off their mother, Winnie and Stevie travel home and dine with Mr. Verloc, who seems in a sullen mood. That night, as they lay in bed, Mr. Verloc reveals to Winnie that he must take an unexpected trip to Europe.
After Verloc’s return from Europe, Winnie suggests that her husband should try to spend time with Stevie. She wishes that her husband and Stevie would develop a close relationship, so that Verloc will be better disposed to supporting Stevie. In response to his wife’s suggestion, Verloc allows Stevie to accompany him on his regular walks with the anarchists. These walks make Stevie excited. This pleases Winnie, who likens the pair to a “father and son” (137). Verloc muses on the idea of sending Stevie on a trip to the cottage which is provided for Michaelis by his wealthy benefactor. He insists that Stevie will be “all safe with Michaelis” (139).
On the evening after the bombing, Verloc returns home with all his money in a leather pouch. He has withdrawn all his money from the bank. In a disgruntled mood, he speaks to his wife about “the expediency of emigrating” (142). Though she is very suspicious of her husband’s behavior, Winnie remains deliberately detached from events. Her “only real concern [is] Stevie’s welfare” (143). Rather than worrying about Verloc, she dismisses his odd behavior as a cold.
A man whom Winnie does not know arrives at Verloc’s store. He invites Verloc to go out of the store for a walk. Winnie notes that Verloc seems “scared and bewildered beyond measure” as he exits (147). He also hands her the pocketbook with all the money withdrawn from the bank. While they are out, Chief Inspector Heat arrives at the shop. He talks to Winnie and tells her about the bomb attack. She had no idea that a bomb exploded in Greenwich Park. Heat shows her the scrap of cloth with Verloc’s address. She recognizes the cloth: It is a part of Stevie’s coat. Heat deduces that Verloc and Stevie must be involved in the bombing somehow. Mr. Verloc returns to the store. He goes with Heat into the back parlor. Winnie stations herself outside the door to listen to their conversation “with her ear to the keyhole” (152). Verloc tells Heat to arrest him, but Heat suggests that he should run away. As Winnie listens in, Verloc tells Heat that the person who died in the bomb attack was Stevie, but he blames “a hyperborean swine” for making him do it (155). Winnie is shocked.
After his meeting with Heat, the Assistant Commissioner travels to Westminster Palace to speak to his superior. This illustrates his status in British society: He is too upper class to consider himself a peer of a policeman like Heat, yet he does not have the family connections to warrant anything other than brusque indifference from an actual aristocrat like Sir Ethelred. While visiting Sir Ethelred, however, he speaks to the secretary, Toodles. In Toodles, the Assistant Commissioner has a social equal. Their interactions are marked by wry observations and sarcastic references to Exploitation Due to Unequal Power Structures that govern their lives. They laugh about the way in which Sir Ethelred is more concerned with fishing reforms than possible anarchist plots, suggesting that the truly rich and powerful have no regard at all for the threat posed by working-class radicals. As he talks to Toodles and Sir Ethelred, the Assistant Commissioner is surrounded by much more opulent environments than those depicted thus far in the novel. The opulent corridors and rooms of the British Parliament contrast with the grimy Soho streets and the run-down parlor in the back of Verloc’s shop. When the Assistant Commissioner goes out to meet Verloc, this juxtaposition becomes even more pronounced, illustrating the extent to which the rich and poor of London essentially exist in different worlds. The contrast between these worlds goes some way to justifying the anarchists’ calls for a more egalitarian society, though the Assistant Commissioner never acknowledges this. He is simply horrified that he would have to visit anywhere quite so dirty.
Chapter 8 portrays the departure of Winnie’s mother from the Verloc family home. Winnie’s mother no longer wants to be a burden on her daughter. She has found a charity home which will take her in, illustrating the extent to which the state offers no help to poor or suffering people. Charity is an essential part of Victorian society, as the poor have little support if they find themselves in difficult circumstances. The chapter also reveals that she and her children are survivors of abuse. Her husband (the children’s father) violently abused Stevie and, to some extent, Winnie. Though this abusive man is gone from their lives, he has left a lasting impression. Winnie still feels compelled to support and protect her family and wed Verloc for exactly this reason. Meanwhile, Stevie’s traumatic past is revealed when he criticizes the cab driver for whipping his horse. Stevie cannot tolerate the sight of physical abuse, even though the driver ignores his complaints. Rather than be too angry with the driver, Stevie listens to the man explain that he must whip the horse to make a living. Stevie is capable of empathizing with a man, even as that man acts in a distressing way. Throughout the novel, other characters dismiss Stevie because of his disability, yet he is the most empathetic and caring character in the novel. His intense compassion does not discriminate, even against violent people like the cab driver. To the inhabitants of an alienated world, such boundless empathy and care is dismissed and marginalized.
By Chapter 9, the novel’s linear chronology has become apparent. The Greenwich Park bomb exploded several chapters earlier, yet the narrative returns to a point weeks before the event to describe Verloc radicalizing Stevie. This slow depiction of Verloc realizing that Stevie trusts him and then weaponizing this trust for his own benefit unfurls like a tragedy, in which the consequence is already determined. Conrad generates dramatic irony, since it is already clear that someone will die in Greenwich, and as Verloc’s plan comes into focus, the exploitative nature of Stevie’s death becomes apparent. He trusted Verloc, who used him without regard for his safety as the cab driver used the horse. To add further tragedy to the death of her brother, Winnie unwittingly plays an important role in her brother’s death. She is the first person to suggest to Verloc that he spend more time with Stevie. Winnie symbolically hears about her husband’s role in her brother’s death from the other side of a closed door. For so long, she has insulated herself from reality and refused to interrogate the world around her. She can hide from the truth no longer and, even in this muted fashion, she is forced to confront reality.
By Joseph Conrad
An Outpost Of Progress
Joseph Conrad
Heart of Darkness
Joseph Conrad
Lord Jim
Joseph Conrad
Nostromo
Joseph Conrad
The Secret Sharer
Joseph Conrad
Under Western Eyes
Joseph Conrad
Victory
Joseph Conrad